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Torsion testis is a medical emergency in which the spermatic cord twists, cutting off the blood supply to the testis. This condition causes sudden, severe scrotal pain and swelling, most commonly in adolescents but can occur at any age. If not treated within a few hours, the lack of blood flow can permanently damage the testis, making immediate medical attention critical. Early diagnosis and urgent surgical correction can save the testis and prevent long-term complications.

Sudden Severe Pain

Torsion testis typically presents with sudden, intense scrotal or lower abdominal pain, often accompanied by swelling and redness. The pain may wake the child from sleep and rapidly worsen, making it a strong indicator of emergency evaluation.

Loss of Blood Supply

The spermatic cord twists around itself, blocking the artery that provides blood to the testis. Without timely treatment, the testis can become severely damaged within 4–6 hours, which is why immediate medical care is essential.

Associated Symptoms

Children may experience nausea, vomiting, or fever along with scrotal pain. The affected testis may appear higher than the other or tilted, and the scrotal skin may become tight and tender to touch.

Emergency Diagnosis & Treatment

Doctors diagnose torsion testis through physical examination and urgent ultrasound. The only definitive treatment is emergency surgery to untwist the spermatic cord and restore blood flow. Delay increases the risk of losing the testis.