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Soft tissue lumps and cysts are common in children and can appear anywhere under the skin. These lumps may arise due to infections, congenital conditions, benign growths, or, rarely, malignant changes. Most lumps are painless and harmless, but some may grow, become tender, or affect nearby structures. Early evaluation by a paediatric surgeon is important to determine the cause, guide treatment, and prevent complications. Timely diagnosis ensures proper management, whether it involves observation, medication, or surgical removal.

Types of Lumps & Cysts

• Benign cysts: Dermoid cysts, epidermoid cysts, sebaceous cysts.
• Lipomas: Soft, fatty lumps under the skin.
• Congenital lumps: Hemangiomas, lymphangiomas, or branchial cysts.

Common Causes

• Developmental anomalies present at birth.
• Blocked glands or hair follicles.
• Minor injuries or infections causing abscess formation.
• In rare cases, tumorous growths.

Symptoms to Watch For

• Rapid growth, redness, or tenderness.
• Pain or discomfort affecting movement.
• Ulceration, discharge, or bleeding.
• Hard or fixed lumps that do not move.

Diagnosis & Evaluation

• Physical examination and detailed history.
• Imaging: Ultrasound, MRI, or CT scan for deeper or complex lumps.
• Biopsy if malignancy is suspected.

Treatment Options

• Observation: Small, harmless lumps may just be monitored.
• Medication: Infections or inflamed cysts may require antibiotics.
• Surgical Removal: Indicated for large, symptomatic, or suspicious lumps.
• Minimally invasive or cosmetic surgery preferred when possible.

Follow-up & Care

• Regular monitoring for recurrence.
• Wound care after surgery to prevent infection.
• Counseling parents about early signs and precautions.